Ther plant extracts revealed that phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, and tannins can promote the wound-healing process [26-28]. As L. japonica is being used and cultivated in more countries, its chemical components have been extensively studied. Essential oil, organic acids, flavones, saponins, iridoids, and inorganic elements were isolated and identified as the primary components [5]. Among them, essential oil and chlorogenic acid have demonstrated pharmacological effects, and they are considered the active compounds of L. japonica [5].Conclusions The results revealed the potential use of LJEE as an external treatment for Cynaroside biological activity wounds. The mechanism of action of LJEE was postulated to involve angiogenesis, collagen deposition, granulation tissue formation, epithelization, and wound contraction at the proliferative stage, and these actions are attributed to the synergistic effects of the strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of the active compounds in the extract such as chlorogenic PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27488460 acid. However, further study is needed to isolate the active ingredients that promote wound healing before LJEE can be used clinically. As L. japonica is ubiquitously and abundantly grown, it could be a fairly economical therapeutic agent for wound management as a prohealer as well as a modality for controlling abnormal healing.Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions WCC carried out the experimentation as part of PhD study. SSL contributed to study design, data interpretation and manuscript writing. TTF performed the experiments and analysis and participated to data interpretation. SLL supervised the work and evaluated the data. IML supervised the work, evaluated the data, manuscript writing and corrected the manuscript for publication. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements The present study was supported by the grant from Pingtung Agricultural Biotechnology Park (PABP10019) of Taiwan. Author details 1 Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei City, Taiwan. 2 Department of Pharmacy Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan. 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Pao Chien Hospital, Ping Tung City, Pingtung County, Taiwan. Received: 19 April 2012 Accepted: 17 October 2012 Published: 23 November 2012 References 1. Gantwerker EA, Hom DB: Skin: histology and physiology of wound healing. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2011, 19:441?53. 2. Weiss SJ: Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N Engl J Med 1989, 320:365?76. 3. Lowry SF: Cytokine mediators of immunity and inflammation. Arch Surg 1993, 128:1235?241. 4. Wang XJ, Han G, Owens P, Siddiqui Y, Li AG: Role of TGF beta-mediated inflammation in cutaneous wound healing. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2006, 11:112?17. 5. Peng LY, Mei SX, Jiang B, Zhou H, Sun HD: Constituents from Lonicera japonica. Fitoterapia 2000, 71:713?15. 6. Shang X, Pan H, Li M, Miao X, Ding H: Lonicera japonica Thunb.: ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2011, 138:1?1.Chen et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 12:226 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/12/Page 9 of7.8.9.10. 11.12.13.14.15.16. 17.18. 19.20. 21.22.23.24.25.26. 27.28.Zhang B, Yang RY, Liu CZ: Microwave-assisted extraction of chlorogenic acid from flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb.
