Oleate and methyl stearate showed powerful cytotoxic impact against Ca Ski, A549, too as the regular cell line, MRC-5, with IC50 values much less than 20 ug/ml. Methyl palmitate was also reported to exert cytotoxic effect on Tcell leukemia cell line (Molt-4) with an IC50 value of two.28 ug/ml while methyl stearate showed cytotoxicity to acute promyeloblastic leukemia cell line (HL-60) and Molt-4 cell line with IC50 values of 3.08 and 4.65 g/ml respectively [52]. In view from the above report, it is actually extremely probable that the toxicity shown by the hexane fraction possibly partly due to the presence of methyl palmitate, methyl oleate and methyl stearate. The cytotoxic effect might be contributed by 1 or a combination of two or far more of these components. Cytotoxic agents might lead to necrosis in cells whereby cells shed membrane integrity leading to cell lysis or induce apoptosis cell death by activating an ordered series of biochemical events [53,54]peting interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions CWP was accountable for conducting the experiments, data evaluation and interpretation, and preparing the manuscript. SNAM was responsible for supplying the grants, conception of tips, identification of elements, and revising the manuscript. HI was accountable for providing grants, conception of suggestions, collection and identification of plants, and revising the manuscript. All authors read and authorized the final manuscript. Acknowledgements The author wish to acknowledge the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) plus the University of Malaya (UM) for financial assistance received by way of the following grants: MOSTI 12-02-03-2070 and PPP PS319/2010A. Received: 10 May well 2013 Accepted: 23 September 2013 Published: 1 October 2013 References 1. Vict io Computer: Therapeutic worth with the genus Alpinia, Zingiberaceae. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2011, 21:194?01. 2. Matsuda H, Pongpiriyadacha Y, Morikawa T, Och M, Yoshikawa M: Gastroprotective effects of phenylpropanoids from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga in rats: structural specifications and mode of action. Eur J Pharmacol 2003, 471:59?7. 3. Burkill IH: A Dictionary from the Economic Items on the Malay Peninsula. London: Crown Agent; 1966. four. Malek SN, Phang CW, Ibrahim H, Norhanom W, Sim KS: Phytochemical and cytotoxic investigations of Alpinia mutica rhizomes. Molecules 2011, 16:583?89. five. Ghosh S, Rangan L: Alpinia: the gold mine of future therapeutics. 3 Biotech 2013, 3:1?3. six. Awang K, Ibrahim H, Rosmy Syamsir D, Mohtar M, Mat Ali R, Azah Mohamad Ali N: Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity on the leaf and rhizome oils of Alpinia pahangensis Ridl., an endemic wild ginger from peninsular Malaysia. Chem Biodivers 2011, eight:668?73. 7. Paz-Elizur T, Sevilya Z, Leitner-Dagan Y, Elinger D, Roisman LC, Livneh Z: DNA repair oxidative DNA harm in human carcinogenesis: possible application for cancer danger assessment and prevention. Cancer Lett 2008, 266:60?two. 8. Moreira P, Smith MA, Zhu X, Honda K, Lee HG, Aliev G, Perry G: Given that oxidative harm is actually a key phenomenon in Alzheimer’s illness, treatment with antioxidants seems to become a promising method for PAK1 Inhibitor Biological Activity slowing illness progression. Oxidative damage and Alzheimer’s disease: are antioxidant therapies valuable? Drug News RORĪ³ Inhibitor Compound Perspect 2005, 18:13?9. 9. Liu J, Mori A: Oxidative damage hypothesis of stress-associated aging acceleration: neuroprotective effects of organic and nutritional antioxidants. Res Commun Biol Psych.
