(CDCl3: H 7.24 for the proton resonance and C 77.0 for the carbon, MeOH-d4: H three.31 for the proton resonance and C 49.1 for the carbon). Each low- and high-resolution mass spectra were recorded on a Micromass LCT Premier XE mass spectrometer. X-ray structures were run on a Bruker D8 Venture instrument. All solvents employed were spectral grade or distilled before use. Collection, Extraction, and Isolation Procedures The collection of water samples from Berkeley Pit Lake, the isolation on the many organisms, and also the pilot development and biological testing on the extracts have been previously described.three The two fungal species P. fuscum and P. camembertii/clavigerum20 have been isolated from a surface water sample taken from the Berkeley Pit Lake. Each and every fungus was grown in potato dextrose broth (shaken, room temperature, 200 rpm) for 7 days. At time of harvest, MeOH was added to each culture, the mycelia have been removed by gravity filtration, along with the filtrate was extracted with CHCl3. For the coculture experiment, P. fuscum (Sopp) Raper Thom was grown in pure culture in potato dextrose broth (10 sirtuininhibitor400 mL). Immediately after 24 h, an agar cube (eight mm3) impregnated with P. camembertii/ clavigerum mycelium was added to every single flask, plus the resulting coculture was shaken for six far more days (200 rpm, space temperature). At time of harvest, MeOH (50 mL/ flask) was added, the mycelia have been removed by gravity filtration, as well as the broth was extracted with CHCl3 (three sirtuininhibitor2 L). The CHCl3 was removed in vacuo to yield 663 mg of crude extract. This extract was active within the MMP-3, caspase-1, and caspase-3 enzyme inhibition assays. The CHCl3 extract was fractionated by flash silica gel column chromatography making use of a stepwise gradient of an isopropyl alcohol (IPA) exanes technique of escalating polarity beginning with five IPA to one hundred IPA (10 , 20 , 50 IPA), followed by one hundred MeOH.IL-2 Protein medchemexpress Fraction 1 (5 IPA ex) yielded pure citrinin (26.HGF Protein Storage & Stability 5 mg) and 5 (21.PMID:25955218 four mg). Fraction 3 (20 IPA) was additional resolved making use of semipreparative silica gel HPLC [Varian Dynamax Microsorb 100-5] in gradient mode from ten IPA exanes to 20 IPA exanes overJ Nat Prod. Author manuscript; offered in PMC 2017 June 12.Stierle et al.Pagemin to yield six (6.0 mg) and eight (ten.4 mg). Fraction 4 (50 IPA) was additional resolved in a equivalent manner to yield 1 (23.three mg) and 7 (5.eight mg). Fraction five (50 IPA) was also further resolved as described to yield 4 (two.four mg), 9 (20.7 mg), 12 (ten.eight mg), and 13 (1.7 mg). A second coculture experiment was run on a smaller scale (500 mL) under exactly the same conditions described but with the addition of methyl oleate to the broth (1.25 g/500 mL). Under these growth conditions the production of compound 4 was enhanced from 0.6 mg/L to 4.0 mg/L. Berkeleylactone A (1)–colorless solid, []25D +0.five (c 0.170, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) max 3443, 2932, 2860, 1716, 1277, 1234, 1170, 1094 cm-1; 1H NMR see Tables 1 and 2; 13C NMR see Table 4; HRESIMS m/z [M – H]- 403.1799 (calcd for C19H31O7S, 403.1791). Methylation of Berkeleylactone A (1) Compound 1 (0.five g) was dissolved in Et2O (one hundred L), and a remedy of CH2N2 t2O added dropwise till the option stayed yellow. After that time the solvent was removed to offer 2 as an oil (0.five g): 1H NMR (CDCl3) C four.95 (1H, m, H-15), 4.48 (1H, dd, J = 5.six, three.7 Hz, H-2), four.34 (1H, t, J = four.1 Hz, H-5), 4.01 (1H, dd, J = 8.two, 6.1 Hz, H-2), three.79 (3H, s, OMe), three.25 (1H, m, H-3), three.21 (1H, m, H-3), 2.95 (1H, dd, J = 14.three, 5.8 Hz, H-3), 2.72 (1H, dd, J = 18.5, six.1 Hz, H-3), 1.
