Cient in the presence of homogenized porcine skin, the results are promising, since hydrolysis would be expected to be substantially increased in situ within non-excised, viable skin. Spectrophotometrically, the colour of the co-drug is less intense than the parent compound dithranol at visible wavelengths. The results from these studies support the potential value of the co-drug approach as a novel treatment modality for psoriasis and that the dithranol-naproxen co-drug warrants further investigation as a novel treatment for psoriasis.Pharmaceutics 2013, 5 AcknowledgmentsWe acknowledge the financial assistance of Stiefel and the EPRSC National Mass Spectrometry Service, University of Swansea, UK, for high resolution mass spectrometry. References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Christophers, E. Psoriasis–Epidemiology and clinical spectrum. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 2001, 26, 31420. Gordon, K.B.; Ruderman, E.M. The treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: An interdisciplinary approach. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2006, 54, S86 91. R z, E.; Prens, E.P. Molecular pathophysiology of psoriasis and molecular targets of antipsoriatic therapy. Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 2009, 11, e38. Clark, A.R. Topical noncorticosteroid therapies for psoriasis. Curr. Probl. Dermatol. 2000, 12, 23032. Ryan, C.; Abramson, A.; Patel, M.; Menter, A. Current investigational drugs in psoriasis. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 2012, 21, 47387. Gillard, S.E.; Finlay, A.Y. Current management of psoriasis in the united kingdom: Patterns of prescribing and resource use in primary care. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2005, 59, 1260267. Lau, W.M.; White, A.W.; Gallagher, S.J.; Donaldson, M.; McNaughton, G.; Heard, C.M. Scope and limitations of the co-drug approach to topical drug delivery. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2008, 14, 79402. M ler, K.; Leukel, P.; Mayer, K.K.; Wiegrebe, W. Modification of DNA bases by anthralin and related compounds. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1995, 49, 1607613. McGill, A.; Frank, A.; Emmett, N.; Turnbull, D.M.; Birch-Machin, M.A.; Reynolds, N.J. The antipsoriatic drug anthralin accumulates in keratinocyte mitochondria, dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces apoptosis through a pathway dependent on respiratory competent mitochondria. FASEB J. 2005, 19, 1012014. Peus, D.; Beyerle, A.; Vasa, M.; Pott, M.; Meves, A.; Pittelkow, M.R. Antipsoriatic drug anthralin induces egf receptor phosphorylation in keratinocytes: Requirement for H2O2 generation. Exp. Dermatol. 2004, 13, 785. Reichert, U.; Jacques, Y.; Grangeret, M.; Schmidt, R. Antirespiratory and antiproliferative activity of anthralin in cultured human keratinocytes.Pilocarpine Hydrochloride J. Invest.Magrolimab Dermatol.PMID:25027343 1985, 84, 13034. Van Duuren, B.L.; Segal, A.; Tseng, S.S.; Rusch, G.M.; Loewengart, G.; Mate, U.; Roth, D.; Smith, A.; Melchionne, S.; Seidman, I. Structure and tumor-promoting activity of analogs of anthralin (1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone). J. Med. Chem. 1978, 21, 261. Mahrle, G. Dithranol. Clin. Dermatol. 1997, 15, 72337. M ler, K.; Breu, K.; Reindl, H. 10-Phenylbutyryl-substituted anthracenones as inhibitors of keratinocyte growth and ltb4 biosynthesis. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2001, 36, 17984. M ler, K.; Altmann, R.; Prinz, H. 10-Benzoyl-1,8-dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenones: Synthesis and biological properties. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 33, 20914.8. 9.10.11. 12.13. 14. 15.Pharmaceutics 2013,16. Prinz, H.; Wiegrebe, W.; M ler, K. Syntheses of anthracenones. 3. Revised preparative route to 10-benzoyl-1,8-dihydroxy-9(10H)-anthracenones. J. Org. Chem. 19.
